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THE
BEAV
Binary Editor And Viewer
Manual Copyright 1991
Version 1.32
November 8, 1991
By
Peter Reilley
19 Heritage Cir.
Hudson, N.H. 03051
pvr@wang.com
BEAV source and executable can be freely
distributed for non-commercial purposes.
1
BEAV User Manual
Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction 3
1.1 Quick Start 3
2. Overview 5
2.1 Terms and Definitions 5
2.2 The Screen Format 5
2.3 Display Modes 6
2.4 Commands 7
2.5 Buffers 8
2.6 Files 8
2.7 Key Binding 9
2.8 Configuration 9
3. Command Description 11
3.1 Help 11
3.2 Cursor Movement 11
3.3 Buffer Management 13
3.4 File Management 14
3.5 Window Management 16
3.6 Inserting and deleting 18
3.7 Search and Replace Commands 19
3.8 Exiting BEAV 21
3.9 Printing 21
3.10 Keyboard Macros 22
3.11 Key Binding 22
3.12 Special Functions 23
4. Alphabetical list of commands by name 26
5. Alphabetical list of commands by key binding 29
6. Release notes 32
7. Source Availability 34
2
BEAV User Manual
1.0 Introduction
BEAV is an editor that brings the features of a powerful
full screen editor to the editing of binary files. It is the
only editor that I know of that does that.
When you need to edit a non-text file you generally have
two choices; a text editor or a file zap type editor. Each
choice has significant disadvantages.
Text editors expect the file to be formatted in a certain
way. At a minimum they expect that all lines be terminated by a
carriage return or line feed and be limited in length. There is
no line length limit with BEAV. Most text editors get confused
by bytes that are outside of the normal range (20 to 7E HEX).
In BEAV no special characters such as carriage return or line
feed affect the display aside from producing their numeric value.
BEAV can edit any file no matter the format.
The other choice is to use a file zap type editor which can
edit a binary file without difficulty. These editors are often
very limited in their features and capabilities. Most file zap
programs can edit a file only in HEX or ASCII. They generally
operate on a sector basis and because of this they cannot insert
or delete data in the middle of the file.
All these limits are eliminated in BEAV. You can edit a
file in HEX, ASCII, EBCDIC, OCTAL, DECIMAL, and BINARY. You can
search or search and replace in any of these modes. Data can be
displayed in BYTE, WORD, or DOUBLE WORD formats. While
displaying WORDS or DOUBLE WORDS the data can be displayed in
INTEL's or MOTOROLA's byte swap format. Data of any length can
be inserted at any point in the file. The source of this data
can be the keyboard, another buffer, of a file. Any data that
is being displayed can be sent to a printer in the displayed
format. Files that are bigger than memory can be handled.
Some users may recognize the similarity to the EMACS text
editor that was written by Richard Stallman at MIT. This is not
a coincidence. I attempted to keep as much of the user
interface and functionality as possible given the very different
tasks of EMACS and BEAV.
1.1 Quick Start
This is a brief description of the minimal set of commands
that are necessary to start using BEAV effectively.
The file-visit command, Ctl-X Ctl-V, can be used to read a
file in for editing. The file can also be read in from the
command line; beav <edit_file>.
These commands can be used to navigate around the window.
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BEAV User Manual
move-back-char Ctl-B moves left
move-back-line Ctl-P moves up
move-forw-char Ctl-F moves right
move-forw-line Ctl-N moves down
The move-to-byte command, Ctl-X G, will prompt you for a
byte position to move to.
These commands will insert a zero byte at the cursor
position or delete the byte at that position.
insert-unit Ctl-X I
delete-forw-unit Esc D
The file-save command, Ctl-X Ctl-S, will save the data to
the file if a change has been made.
The help command, Esc ?, will display a list of all
commands and their current key bindings.
The abort-cmd command, Ctl-G, will abort any command that
is in operation.
The quit-no-save command, Ctl-X Ctl-C, will exit BEAV. If
there is any data that has not been saved you will be warned.
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BEAV User Manual
2. Overview
2.1 Terms and Definitions
Throughout this manual certain terms will be used to
describe the operation and structure of BEAV.
The data that BEAV is editing is held in a buffer that is
structured as a byte stream. There are many commands that
affect the way that this byte stream is displayed on to the
screen. Whatever display mode is chosen the data in the buffer
is not effected, only the presentation.
One such choice is to display the data as bytes, words, or
double words. That is; 8 bit values, 16 bit values, or 32 bit
values. Whatever choice is made the value of the selected size
will be displayed. These values are referred to as units in
this manual. Thus the 'delete-forw-unit' command deletes the
unit under the cursor. If 32 bit units are being displayed then
4 bytes will be deleted.
Many commands in BEAV start by pressing the 'ESCAPE' key.
When this manual refers to a command that requires that the
'ESCAPE' key be pressed it will be abbreviated with 'Esc'.
Another frequently used key stroke to start commands is 'CONTROL
X'. This in done by pressing the 'CONTROL' key then pressing
the 'X' key at the same time. In this manual this will be
abbreviated by 'Ctl-X'. Many commands contain other control
characters and these will be abbreviates similarly. Thus the
'insert-unit' command will be listed as 'Ctl-X I'. This will be
entered be pressing the CONTROL key and while holding it hitting
the 'X' key, release the CONTROL key then hit the 'I' key.
2.2 The Screen Format
BEAV presents information to the user in a number of areas.
The first is the window. There will be at least one window
displayed on the screen at all times. The window consists of
two areas. The first is the display area. This is where the
data that is in the buffer is displayed. Most of the time the
cursor will be in this area, as this is where most editing is
done. Each line in the display area will start with a number
that indicates the offset into the buffer for this line of data.
At the bottom of the display area for each window is the status
line.
The status line presents the user with a number of specific
pieces of information. The first is the program name which is
"BEAV". Next there are some flags indicating the status of this
particular buffer.
The first flag indicates if the buffer has been damaged by a
memory allocation failure. If there is a '?' then the buffer is
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BEAV User Manual
bad, otherwise there will be a space. Bad buffers are set to
read only.
The next flag indicates if the buffer has been changed and
will need to be written out if the changes are to be saved.
This flag is a '*' if the buffer has been changed, otherwise
there will be a space.
The next flag indicates insert/overstrike mode; 'I' for
insert, 'O' for overstrike. This is only meaningful in ascii or
ebcdic mode.
Then the buffer name followed by the file name. A window
can be in read only, read/write, or read/write with size lock.
These will be displayed as [RO], [RW], or [WL] respectively.
If auto-update is enabled then [AU] will be displayed.
Next the cursor position in bytes and the character position
within the unit. The next piece of information gives the format
that the data is being displayed in; HEX, OCTAL, DECIMAL, BINARY,
ASCII, EBCDIC. If a data mode is selected then the size in
bytes (1, 2, 4) is displayed. If the data is being displayed
in Intel mode then the swapped flag is displayed, 'S'. Lastly
the byte shift is displayed; 0 only for 8 bit data, 0 or 1 for 16
bit data, or 0, 1, 2 or 3 for 32 bit data.
There can be multiple windows on the screen at the same time
but each window will have a status line at the bottom.
The very bottom line on the screen is the prompt line.
This is where you enter data that BEAV requests. If you want to
edit a new file you would type 'Ctl-X Ctl-V', BEAV would respond
with "Visit file:" on the prompt line. The cursor would be
positioned after the prompt. You would then enter the name of
the file that you wished to edit.
If you entered the command by mistake, you can abort the
operation by typing a 'Ctl-G'. 'Control G' is a universal abort
command and can be used anywhere. If you want to perform a
search you will enter the search string on this line. When you
have entered the information that BEAV has requested hit 'Return'
and the cursor will return to it's original position in the
window display area. The prompt line is also where error
messages are displayed.
2.3 Display Modes
The data in the buffer can be displayed in a number of
formats. First there is the display mode. This can be either;
HEXADECIMAL, DECIMAL, OCTAL, BINARY, ASCII, or EBCDIC.
If ASCII or EBCDIC mode is chosen then each byte in the
buffer will be converted to it's ASCII or EBCDIC character and
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BEAV User Manual
displayed. Bytes that are outside of the standard character set
will be displayed as a dot. Each line will be 64 characters
long. The byte value for "carriage return" and "line feed" will
be displayed as a dot as will any other non-printable characters.
Within HEXADECIMAL, DECIMAL, OCTAL, or BINARY format the
data can be displayed in 8, 16 or 32 bit values. If 16 or 32 it
values are displayed the user can choose to view these values in
either the Intel format or the Motorola format. If Intel format
is chosen then the first byte in each unit is the least
significant byte when the value is calculated. Thus in hex 32
bit mode a byte string of "32 7A 9F 10" would be displayed as
"109F7A32". If Motorola format is chosen this value would be
displayed as "327A9F10".
There is another display format choice that affects the 16
or 32 bit formats. This is called shift. The shift can be 0
or 1 for 16 bit modes, or 0, 1, 2, 3 for 32 bit modes. Shift
moves the zero point reference for the buffer up by the selected
value. The default is zero shift. If a buffer is displaying
the following 32 bit hex data;
"12345678 2F4792AF 673DFEA1 88551199"
with the shift at 0. Changing shift to 1 will produce;
"3456782F 4792AF67 3DFEA188 55119955"
The data has been slid down toward the beginning of the buffer by
one byte. This has not changed the data in the buffer at all,
it has only affected the way that the data is presented on the
screen. This is useful when looking at WORD or DOUBLE WORD data
that is not aligned on two or four byte boundaries.
When BEAV is first started or a new window is opened the
default format is HEXADECIMAL BYTES.
2.4 Commands
Commands are the means that the user controls the operation
of BEAV. A command can be given by using one of two methods.
The first is to use the key binding.
A command can have one or more associated key bindings. It
can also have no key binding. There are a set of default key
bindings that BEAV comes configured with. The current set of
key bindings can be seen by using the 'help' command. The
'help' command is 'Esc ?' or Function Key 1 'F1' on the IBM PC.
The help buffer can be scrolled by using the up and down arrow
keys. A printed copy may be obtained by going to the bottom of
the help buffer using the 'move-to-end' command ('Esc >' or the
'End' key). Then issue the 'print-mark-to-cursor' command ('Esc
P' or 'Ctl-Print') and enter 'PRN' or a file name when prompted
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BEAV User Manual
with "Print to:". This will output the entire help buffer to a
printer connected to the parallel interface or the specified
file.
The second method of issuing a command is to use the
'extended-command' command (Esc X). You are prompted for a
command name that you want to execute. This method is useful
for executing commands that have no key binding. Commands that
can take a long time to complete can be stopped by pressing Ctl-
G.
2.5 Buffers
Buffers are the in memory storage for all data editing and
viewing. Each buffer has a name that appears in the mode line.
Buffers generally have a file name that is associated with them.
The file name also appears in the mode line. The buffer name
and the file name are independent but the buffer name defaults to
the file name.
The buffer name is used to refer to a specific buffer.
The 'change-buffer' ('Ctl-X B') command will prompt you for a
buffer name. After you enter a buffer name that buffer will be
displayed in the current window. If there is no such buffer,
one will be created and displayed (it will be empty).
When BEAV is run with a file name as a command line
parameter, the file is read into a new buffer. The buffer name
will be made the same as the file name. The file name is only
used when the buffer is saved. If the file name is changed
using the 'buffer-set-file-name' ('Ctl-X Ctl-F') command then
when the buffer is saved it will be saved to the new file.
Buffers are dynamically allocated. They grow or shrink as
the size of the data they contain changes. The buffer size can
be frozen using the 'buffer-size-lock' ('Ctl-X Ctl-L') command.
This prevents inserting or deleting data from the buffer but data
can be modified.
Buffers continue to exist even if they are not being
displayed. Buffers are saved in a linked list that can be
stepped through using the 'change-to-next-buffer' ('Esc +') or
'change-to-prev-buffer' ('Esc -') commands. If the 'change-to-
next-buffer' command is given then the next buffer in the list is
displayed in the current window.
2.6 Files
Files are the means of storing data on disk. Files or
segments of files can be loaded into BEAV for editing or viewing.
The file on the disk has not been changed until BEAV does a save
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to that file. When a save to a file is performed the original
file contents in saved in a ".bak" file.
2.7 Key Binding
All commands in BEAV have a command name and a default key
binding. The bindings may be changed to suit personal
preference by using the 'bind-to-key' ('Esc K') command. The
current binding of a key sequence can be displayed by using the
'binding-for-key' ('Ctl-X ?') command.
Key bindings can be loaded automatically from a file named
".beavrc" under UNIX or "beav.rc" under MSDOS. I will refer to
this file as the beavrc file in this document. This file must
be in a directory specified by the PATH environment variable.
When BEAV is started this file is read and the bindings are
loaded. This file is a simple text file and can be edited to
make changes.
The beavrc file contains three columns. The first is the
function name to be bound. The second is the key sequence that
is bound to that function. The third is a number that defines
the key code. When the beavrc file is read, in only the first
and third columns are used.
The simplest way to create a valid beavrc file is to first
bind the key codes to the desired functions using the 'bind-to-
key' command (Esc K). Next display the current bindings in a
window using the 'help' command (Esc ?). Now save that buffer
to a file with the 'file-write' command (Ctl-X Ctl-W). You will
be prompted for a file name. The file written is a valid beavrc
file. You may want to edit the beavrc file to remove the
commented lines, ie, those beginning with #, to make it load
faster.
On UNIX systems there can be multiple .beavrc files, one
for each terminal type. This is accomplished by appending the
TERM variable to .beavrc. Thus if you use both a vt100 and a
wyse60 terminal, you could have a .beavrc.wy60 and a
.beavrc.vt100 bindings file. When your TERM variable is
TERM=wy60 then the .beavrc.wy60 bindings file will be used. If
there is no .beavrc.wy60 file then the .beavrc file will be used.
2.8 Configuration
When the MSDOS version of BEAV run it detects whether the
system is an IBM PC or a clone. If a PC is detected then a set
of key bindings that use the 10 function keys and the relevant
keypad keys are loaded. If the system is not recognized then
only the standard bindings are loaded.
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If a PC is detected the screen is managed by making BIOS
level calls that enhance performance. Otherwise, the screen is
controlled by making ANSI compatible calls to the operating
system. This is much slower but is not sensitive to hardware
configuration. This requires that non-standard MSDOS systems
support ANSI display controls. The following ANSI escape
sequences are used;
Position cursor ESC [ <row> ; <column> H
Erase to end of line ESC [ 0 K
Erase to end of page ESC [ 0 J
Normal video ESC [ 0 m
Reverse video ESC [ 7 m
On unix systems the termcap library is used. This
requires that the TERM environment variable be set correctly.
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BEAV User Manual
3. Command Description
This section describes all BEAV commands as to their
function and any side effects that they may have. The first
line of each description of a command will begin with the default
key binding then the command name and follows with the key
binding for a PC.
3.1 Help
This command returns information that will aid in the use
of BEAV.
Esc ? help F1
A new window is opened by splitting the current window then
all current key bindings are displayed. This buffer is larger
than can be shown at one time and must be scrolled up and down to
see all entries. All commands that do not alter data can be
used to move around and search the help buffer. To leave the
help buffer use the 'window-delete' command ('Ctl-X 0').
Lines that begin with the comment character (#) are
commands that have the default bindings. Lines without the
comment character have been bound by the user or by processing a
beavrc file. The comment character helps in creating a beavrc
file by identifying only those bindings that have changed.
3.2 Cursor Movement
There are a number of commands that move the cursor around
the current window. If the cursor bumps the top or the bottom
of the window the position of the window will be adjusted so as
to keep the cursor within the bounds. When the window is moved
in response to cursor movements it is moved by about one third of
the window size. This improves performance by reducing the
number of window moves.
Ctl-P move-back-line North (up arrow)
Ctl-N move-forw-line South (down arrow)
These commands move the cursor up one line or down one
line. If the cursor is on the top line in the buffer and a
'move-back-line' command is given the cursor will jump to the
beginning of the first unit in the buffer. If the cursor is on
the last line of the buffer and a 'move-forw-line' is given the
cursor will move to the last unit in the buffer.
Ctl-F move-forw-char East (right arrow)
Ctl-B Move-back-char West (left arrow)
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These commands move the cursor forward or backward in the
current line. If the cursor is at the first character in the
first unit of the line and the 'move-back-char' command is given
then the cursor will wrap to the last character of the previous
line. If the cursor is at the last character of the last unit
in the current line then it will wrap to the first character of
the next line.
Esc F move-forw-unit Ctl-East
Esc B move-back-unit Ctl-West
These commands are similar to the above set but they move
the cursor by units rather than characters. The command 'move-
forw-unit' will position the cursor to the first character of the
next unit. The command 'move-back-unit' will move the cursor to
the first character of the previous unit.
Ctl-V move-forw-page PageUp
Esc V move-back-page PageDown
These commands move the move the data in the window by the
number of lines in the window less one. The cursor will stay in
the same position relative to the window as the data is moved.
Esc < move-to-beginning Home
Esc > move-to-end End
Move the cursor to the beginning or the end of the buffer.
Ctl-X G move-to-byte F9
Prompt for a byte offset, then go to that position in the
current buffer.
Ctl-X Ctl-N move-window-down Ctl-Z
Ctl-X Ctl-P move-window-up Esc Z
Move the buffer in the window up or down by one line.
This does not effect the cursor until it hits the top or bottom
of the window.
Esc . mark-set F2
Set the mark position to the current cursor position. The
mark position is remembered even for nonactive windows and
buffers.
Ctl-X Ctl-X swap-cursor-and-mark
The position of the cursor and the position of the mark are
swapped.
Esc L window-link
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This command causes all windows that are displaying the
contents of the current buffer to have the same cursor position.
Thus if one window is scrolled then all other windows that
display that buffer are scrolled so as to keep the cursor in the
window.
Ctl-X = show-position
The current position of the cursor and the mark are
displayed. The buffer size, file size and file name are also
shown.
3.3 Buffer Management
Buffers store all data that is being edited. The only
limit to the number of buffers is the size of available memory.
If a file is loaded into a buffer and there is insufficient
memory to hold the entire file, then it will be loaded until
memory is exhausted. The buffer will then be set to read only
mode.
Ctl-X Ctl-B buffers-display Ctl-F1
A new window is opened and a list of all buffers in BEAV is
displayed. The list contains the buffer name, the file name (if
it exists), the buffer size, and a state flag. If the list is
too large for the window, you can scroll the list. If you
position the cursor on a line describing a buffer and give the
set-mark (Esc .) command you will be prompted to; Go to, Kill, or
Save that buffer.
Ctl-X B change-buffer Ctl-F2
This command prompts you for a buffer name. If you enter
the name of an existing buffer, that buffer will be displayed in
the current window. If the name does not match an existing
buffer, a new buffer will be created and displayed. This buffer
will be empty and will have no file name.
Esc + change-to-next-buffer Ctl-F4
Esc - change-to-prev-buffer Ctl-F5
The next or the previous buffer in the buffer list is
displayed in the current window. This does not effect buffers
that are displayed in other windows.
Esc G move-to-buffer-split
Prompt for a buffer name. Then split the current window
and display that buffer, creating it if necessary.
Esc Ctl-N buffer-set-name Esc Ctl-N
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The current buffer name is changed to the name that you
enter. This does not effect the file name.
Ctl-X Ctl-F buffer-set-file-name Ctl-F7
The file name of the current buffer is changed to the name
that you enter. This does not affect the buffer name.
Ctl-X K kill-buffer Ctl-F3
This command prompts you for a buffer name. This buffer
is then deleted. If the buffer is currently being displayed you
are prompted for conformation. If the buffer has been changed
you are again prompted for conformation.
Ctl-X Ctl-L buffer-size-lock
The buffer size is prevented from being changed. Data can
be edited but only by changing the existing data. If a buffer
is copied into a size-locked buffer the operation well be
successful but will overwrite existing data. This command
toggles between locked and unlocked.
Esc Y yank-buffer Ctl-F6
Data from one buffer is inserted into the current buffer at
the cursor position. You are prompted for the name of the
buffer to copy from.
Esc O save-mark-to-cursor
Prompt for a buffer name. Create a new buffer with that
name and write the data from the mark to the cursor into that
buffer.
Esc Ctl-W show-save-buf
Displays the contents of the save buffer in a new window.
The save buffer cannot be edited. This command can be used to
see the data that the yank (Ctl-Y) command will insert into the
current buffer.
3.4 File Management
These commands control BEAV's access to files. Files are
loaded into buffers or are written from buffers. Commands that
prompt for a file name also accept range parameters. Range
parameters are always given in the numeric base of the current
window. Thus if you are displaying data in decimal format then
the range parameters must be entered in decimal.
The size of a file read or write can be limited by
specifying a range. The range parameter specifies the offset
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BEAV User Manual
into the file, not the buffer. Range parameters can be
specified in these forms;
<file name> <start address>
<file name> <start address> <end address>
<file name> <start address> +<length>
The first form causes the read or write to begin from the
<start address> value until the end of the buffer on write or the
end of the file on read.
The second form reads or writes from <start address> until
<end address> non-inclusive.
The third form reads or writes from <start address> for
<length> bytes.
Thus, if the command 'file-read' is given and you enter at
the prompt; main.obj 1000 +100. If the current display mode
is hex, the file "main.obj" will be read from hex byte address
1000 to 10FF into the buffer.
Ctl-X Ctl-R file-read Sh-F2
Prompt for a file name and read that file into the current
buffer. This overwrites the current contents of the buffer.
The buffer name is not changed but the buffer file name is set to
the new file name.
Ctl-X Ctl-S file-save Sh-F3
Write the current buffer out to the file if it has been
changed. If the buffer has not been changed then do nothing.
Ctl-X V file-view
Prompt for a file name and read file into a new buffer and
display in current window. Set to read-only mode.
Ctl-X Ctl-V file-visit Sh-F4
Prompt for a file name. If the buffer already exists then
display it in the current window. Otherwise, read file into a
new buffer and display in current window. If there is no such
file then create it.
Esc U file-visit-split
Same as above but split current window and display new
buffer. This displays the new buffer as well as the old buffer.
Ctl-X Ctl-W file-write Sh-F5
15
BEAV User Manual
Prompt for a file name, then write the current buffer to
that file.
Ctl-X Tab insert-file Sh-F8
Prompt for a file name and insert that file into the
current buffer at the cursor position.
Ctl-X Return save-all-buffers Sh-F6
Write all buffers that have been changed to their
respective files.
3.5 Window Management
BEAV presents information to the user in one or more
windows. Each window is a view into a buffer where the data is
actually stored. The window controls how this data is formatted
for display to the user. Data can be displayed as HEX bytes,
OCTAL bytes, ASCII characters, plus many others. The display
format is associated with the window. Thus if a new buffer is
displayed in the current window that new data will be displayed
in the current windows format.
The only limit to the number of windows is the screen size.
A window can be no smaller than two lines. This along with the
mode line associated with each window limits to eight the number
of windows on an IBM PC 25 line screen.
Any window can view any buffer including having many
windows on the same buffer. For example, two windows can
display the same buffer but present the data in two different
modes. One window could display HEX bytes and the other could
display ASCII characters.
Ctl-P change-window-back Ctl-PageUp
Ctl-N change-window-forw Ctl-PageDown
These commands move the cursor to the next or previous
window on the screen, making it the current window.
Ctl-X Z window-enlarge
Ctl-X Ctl-Z window-shrink
Enlarge or shrink the current window size by one line.
Esc ! window-reposition
Move window position so that the cursor is centered in the
window. The cursor position in the buffer does not change.
Ctl-X 2 window-split
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BEAV User Manual
Split the current window into equal parts. Both haves
have the same display mode and view the save buffer.
Ctl-X 1 window-single
Expand the current window to fill the entire display, all
other windows are removed. Make the current window the only
window displayed. This has no effect on the underlying buffers
except that they may not be displayed any more.
Ctl-X 0 window-delete
Delete the current window and expand the upper window to
fill the space. This has no effect on the underlying buffer
except that it may not be displayed any more.
Esc Ctl-A display-ascii
Esc Ctl-E display-ebcdic
Esc Ctl-H display-hex
Esc Ctl-O display-octal
Esc Ctl-D display-decimal
Esc Ctl-B display-binary
These commands set the window display mode. Text buffers
can be displayed as ASCII or EBCDIC characters. Buffers that
are not human readable can also be displayed in hexadecimal,
octal, decimal, or binary format.
Esc 1 display-bytes
Esc 2 display-words
Esc 4 display-double-words
As a further option on the non-text display modes, data can
be displayed as 8, 16, or 32 bit values.
Ctl-E display-swap-order
When data is displayed as words or double words the order
of significance can be changed. In Intel microprocessors the
least significant byte of a word is stored at the lowest address.
Thus if the word 5892 (HEX) were stored at memory address 10,
then 92 (HEX) would be stored at address 10 and 58 (HEX) would be
stored at address 11. In Motorola microprocessors the reverse
is true.
This command toggles between the Intel and Motorola schemes
of assembling bytes into words and double words. This command
has no effect on byte display or on the text display modes. The
data in the buffer is not changed.
Ctl-A display-byte-shift
This command changes the offset from the beginning of the
buffer used to assemble words and double words. The default
17
